Post/Author/DateTime	Post
mtrpcic 03-06-07, 12:04 AM	Where can I find info on this guy? He isn't in the Deities and Demigods book. Can anyone help me, he could end up being a crucial part of my upcoming campaign.
HamHam 03-06-07, 12:11 AM	Fiendish Codex II. Or, probably, Google.
DMaster42 03-06-07, 12:16 AM	What do you mean? Like stats of him? He's in The Book of Vile Darkness, Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells, and the web book The Gates of Hell on Dice Freaks. Here's the link to the site with all nine chapters of TGOH: http://www.dicefreaks.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=88
Shemeska the Marauder 03-06-07, 12:27 AM	Major published sources: 3.5 Fiendish Codex II 3e Manual of the Planes 3e Book of Vile Darkness 2e Planes of Law 2e Faces of Evil: The Fiends 2e "Lords of the 9" by Colin McComb, Dragon #223 2e A Paladin in Hell (some detail, but tangential) 2e Guide to Hell [though the info herein on Asmo contracts earlier sources, and has been retconned into oblivion by all subsequent material] 1e material is pretty slim, and the 2e and 3e material covers it and expands upon it anyway, so I won't list the few sources from that era
Witch 03-06-07, 09:38 AM	Where can I find info on this guy? He isn't in the Deities and Demigods book. Can anyone help me, he could end up being a crucial part of my upcoming campaign. This is because traditionally, he's not a deity :) Most major sources have been named. If you want lots of flavor, I'd check the second edition material that Shemeska listed, as well as Gates of Hell. This latter one also has stats on deific level. Check BoVD & FCII if you're interested in weaker archfiends that are easily beatable.
Singer_of_the_Song 03-06-07, 12:40 PM	Check BoVD & FCII if you're interested in weaker archfiends that are easily beatable. Meaning CR 22-32 for BOVD, 20-27 for FCII.
Lecen_of_Mitran 03-06-07, 12:54 PM	Meaning CR 22-32 for BOVD, 20-27 for FCII. Wasn“t just an avatar or aspect or something similar instead of the real one?
The Serge7 03-06-07, 12:59 PM	The FCII archdevils are supposed to be aspects. The BoVD versions may be the real deal depending on how one reads the entry in FCII.
Singer_of_the_Song 03-06-07, 01:07 PM	The FCII archdevils are supposed to be aspects. The BoVD versions may be the real deal depending on how one reads the entry in FCII. It's been stated that the BoVD stats are for arch-fiends in their "true forms". Whether you agree with this is another matter.
AngelofCthulhu 03-06-07, 01:14 PM	I actually give all my archfiends Divine Ranks depending on their layer (1 rank for 1-8, 4 ranks for 9), bust mostly I use the BoVD numbers for their aspects/avatars.
ripvanwormer 03-06-07, 05:01 PM	It's been stated that the BoVD stats are for arch-fiends in their "true forms". That was the intent when they were written. I'm certain it's not the intent that the BoVD stats be considered the "official" ones now.
Melpomene 03-06-07, 05:03 PM	The Miniatures Handbook has an Aspect of Asmodious (CR 9 or 10) which is much better suited to a lower-level campaign. Unless you like fighting quasi-gods, of course.
DragonLich 03-06-07, 05:45 PM	Yes those were just aspects in FCII, meant for use as a final campaign climax with the "Lord" only to find out that he still lived in a crevice of the world, thus a plot hook for a, amybe, future epic capaign. I like the idea of adding a Divine Rank per their level. Asmodeus...Divine Rank 9. Makes sense.
AngelofCthulhu 03-06-07, 05:56 PM	I actually did 1 Rank for levels 1-8 and 4 Ranks for Nessus. Mostly the aspects appear when someone comes to challenge the Lord so the interlopers can be dealt with without the Archduke actually having to do much of anything.
Witch 03-06-07, 06:02 PM	I actually did 1 Rank for levels 1-8 and 4 Ranks for Nessus. Mostly the aspects appear when someone comes to challenge the Lord so the interlopers can be dealt with without the Archduke actually having to do much of anything. Why doesn't he just send some pit fiends after them, then? :) Multiple, possibly advanced :)
DragonLich 03-06-07, 06:05 PM	Why doesn't he just send some pit fiends after them, then? :) Multiple, possibly advanced :) This way is way cooler ;) Little miny-me's running around!
Kain Darkwind 03-06-07, 06:10 PM	That was the intent when they were written. I'm certain it's not the intent that the BoVD stats be considered the "official" ones now. Serge is going off of a sentence in the FC2 that says that the those wishing to use the powerful 'true' forms of the Lords can look in the BoVD. I personally prefer to go by the designer quote that said something like about bells and whistles and CR ridiculous. I think there were maybe a few crossed wires with the project, but nothing too serious. The BoVD remark is probably one of them.
Shemeska the Marauder 03-06-07, 06:34 PM	Serge is going off of a sentence in the FC2 that says that the those wishing to use the powerful 'true' forms of the Lords can look in the BoVD. Not everyone is reading the same meaning from that line in FC:II. My interpretation is that it wasn't saying: "These are just aspects but if you want the real stats, the real stats are in the BoVD". I read it as meaning "These are just aspects which you can increase to whatever power you want. Previous books have attempted to craft true stats for such beings, and if you're curious, one such attempt was in the BoVD, but FC:II is leaving the upper boundary of the Lords of the 9 undefined for DMs to decide on their own."
Kain Darkwind 03-06-07, 07:11 PM	Not everyone is reading the same meaning from that line in FC:II. My interpretation is that it wasn't saying: "These are just aspects but if you want the real stats, the real stats are in the BoVD". I read it as meaning "These are just aspects which you can increase to whatever power you want. Previous books have attempted to craft true stats for such beings, and if you're curious, one such attempt was in the BoVD, but FC:II is leaving the upper boundary of the Lords of the 9 undefined for DMs to decide on their own." Ah. That is certainly a more favorable interpretation of the quote, one that I would agree with. But obviously not how I initially read it to mean.
Orodruin 03-06-07, 07:57 PM	Not everyone is reading the same meaning from that line in FC:II. My interpretation is that it wasn't saying: "These are just aspects but if you want the real stats, the real stats are in the BoVD". I read it as meaning "These are just aspects which you can increase to whatever power you want. Previous books have attempted to craft true stats for such beings, and if you're curious, one such attempt was in the BoVD, but FC:II is leaving the upper boundary of the Lords of the 9 undefined for DMs to decide on their own." I rather saw it as a combination of both. ... Statistics for archdevils in their true forms do not appear in this book because the actual power level of such a being should vary depending on the nature of your campaign... ... That said, directly confronting an archdevil in the seat of his power is a classic and time-honored D&D campaign goal. Statistics for archdevils in their true forms have appeared in Book of Vile Darkness and those presentations have directly inspired the statistics for archdevils aspects presented in this book. If you don't have access to the archdevil statistics you want, you can closely approximate them simply by advancing an archdevil's aspect in the following ways... In other words: "It's up to the DM to determine how powerful their true forms are, but for our purposes, we're going to use the stats in BoVD, which is where we derived the stats here." Given that this would put Asmodeus in the CR 32 range, which is where the (Demonomicon) updated Demogorgon is rumoured to be, it makes sense. Check BoVD & FCII if you're interested in weaker archfiends that are easily beatable. I shudder at the thought of a campaign where CR 20+ is considered "easily beatable".
Melpomene 03-06-07, 07:59 PM	Also, despite Ruby Rod's power, he's not a true god and should therefor be unable to aquire divine rank. Of course, his power exptends beyond cerain levels of godly might, and he's be no means mortal, but the trappings of godhood are beyond his... if not his reach or power, then at least his interests.
AngelofCthulhu 03-06-07, 08:29 PM	Isn't Asmodeus an aspect of Ahriman who is an Overdiety? Just checking. Also, the idea of godhood and the possession of divine ranks are different. Divine ranks just mean you have a TREMENDOUS amount of power of a specific type.
ripvanwormer 03-06-07, 08:35 PM	In other words: "It's up to the DM to determine how powerful their true forms are, but for our purposes, we're going to use the stats in BoVD, which is where we derived the stats here." No, "inspired" isn't the same as "derived." The BoVD stats definitely inspired the FCII stats, but they're different, too. Keep in mind that the CRs given in the BoVD aren't a reliable guide for comparison, as their means of calculating CR values has changed. The FCI demon lords were meant by their authors to represent powerful aspects rather than their true forms (their "true forms" are in Dragon Magazine, and substantially more powerful than the BoVD versions), but that line got cut somewhere in editing. In FCII, the line was preserved, and I think it applies to the FCI as well. They never say that they've adopted the BoVD stats as their assumed "true forms." They're just saying, "We're presenting these statistics as aspects, but in the past we've called similar stat blocks their true forms - one of these past conceptualizations inspired the aspects here." Or, more simply, "This is what we're calling it now, that's what we called it then, it's pretty much the same thing." I don't think they're in any way recommending you use the BoVD stats instead of the FCII stats - they changed the stats because they think the present ones are better, because they think they've learned more about creating monsters since then. If you want them more powerful, you can advance them, and I think they're saying implicitly that this'd be a better approach than using the 3.0 statistics directly.
Shemeska the Marauder 03-06-07, 08:36 PM	Isn't Asmodeus an aspect of Ahriman who is an Overdiety? Just checking. No. That was a claim of the late 2e 'Guide to Hell', but that and some other claims of said book never really meshed with earlier material, and in 3e the idea has been retconned into oblivion. It vaguely influenced the (admittedly mythological) FC:II tales of the origin of the Baatezu, but the more bizarre Asmo=Ahriman notions from GtH have been ignored or contradicted. And even GtH never claimed he was an overpower. It said he had the power of a greater deity, nothing more. Somehow it got started online somewhere that the book said he was an overpower, but the book itself doesn't actually make that claim.
ripvanwormer 03-06-07, 08:40 PM	Isn't Asmodeus an aspect of Ahriman who is an Overdiety? Just checking. The 2nd edition book Guide to Hell took the approach that Ahriman was a greater deity, and that Asmodeus was his avatar. He's never been called an overdeity, at least not in an official product. Fiendish Codex II supports this in some ways (they repeat the bit about him having a titanic body whose fall created the lower pits of the Hells, and that his blood spawned the first pit fiends), but doesn't support it in others (he's not called a deity, not credited with helping to create the Outer Planes, and not described as a serpentlike creature, and the circumstances of his conflict with the other beings of Law and fall from grace are different).
Mystal the Illusionist 03-06-07, 11:27 PM	Asmodeous, archfiend, overlord of all the dukes of hell, rules by both might and will. He is phisically stronger than any other devil (as strong as a storm giant) and the most cunning and artful. His mighty palace rest upon the lowest rift in hells ninth plane. His servitors are pit fiends and whichever of the other llessor and greater devils he commands to service. Once a year he can command the arch devils to attend his court and pay homage. All this next information is estimated based on old and I mean old rules converted to third edition. Hit Die 15d8 + 105 (225 Hp) Move 30/60(fly) AC 27 (+7 Dex, +10 Natural) Str 39 Dex 25 Con 24 Int 27 Wis 29 Chr 30 Spell Resistance 56 Attacks: One Damage 4-14 (+14 Str) Powers at will, once per turn or melee round are: pyrotechnics, produce flame, wall of fire, ice storm, wall of ice, continual light, read languages, read magic, detect invisible, locate object, invisability, dispell magic, hold person, hold monster, shape change, beguile, rulership, mass charm, geas, restoration, raise dead fully, or wish. Powers once per day: symbol of pain, symbol of insanity, symbol of hoplessness, (un) holy word, and can always summon 2 lessor and 1 greater devil. His gaze causes fear, weakness and chill. His rod of pure ruby acts as a rod of absorbsion. It can cause serious wounds upon any who are touched by its opaline tip. Upon command it shoots forth a cone of frost, jet of acid, or a bolt of lighting.
Witch 03-07-07, 10:12 AM	I shudder at the thought of a campaign where CR 20+ is considered "easily beatable". If a Pit Fiend that isn't even advanced to max. HD can beat him, he's easily beatable.
The_Cheeseman 03-07-07, 01:03 PM	Asmodeus' true power is not in his personal stats, but in his political status and vast knowledge. Sure, an advanced pit fiend may be able to smack him around (assuming for the moment that Asmodeus couldn't just demote it into oblivion with a mere thought), but said pit fiend would first have to invade Nessus, break into Asmodeus' fortress and somehow arrange a 1-on-1 with the ruler of Hell. Not gonna happen in this lifetime. Any party of adventurers who think they can unseat the ruler of Baator simply because they can win in a fistfight is in for an eternity of pain.
sebastienurbanek 03-07-07, 02:21 PM	Hello from France I wrote with a good friend 2 web enhancements with the stats of the demon Princes and Archdevils. If you want this files wrote to me at my e-mail: demogorgon@club-internet.fr It's free obviously:D
AngelofCthulhu 03-07-07, 02:34 PM	Oh, did we forget to mention Asmodeus is constantly protected by an army of advanced pitfiends with maximum HP? Just checking.
ArcTan 03-07-07, 03:27 PM	It's been stated that the BoVD stats are for arch-fiends in their "true forms". Whether you agree with this is another matter. What they meant by this was that when BoVD was created, the creators of BoVD intended the stats to represent the archfiends in their true forms. However, BoVD is now obsolete, because it was written for D&D 3.0 and we're in D&D 3.5 now. And both Fiendish Codices say in their introductions that they're intended to supersede all previous information written about the Lower Planes.
sebastienurbanek 03-07-07, 04:28 PM	to me Asmo is a solar with max HD and personal powers (see at www.dndadventure.com for my works: epic demon princes and archdevils for stats based from FC 1 &2 and BoVD and unique powers from the savior texts and not only combat powers...).
LivingShadow 03-07-07, 04:34 PM	I stated out Asmodeus for a lvl 22 epic level adventure. I based him off of the mention in Manual of the Planes. Here are the stats (loosely based on the chromatic dragons): ASMODEUS (TRUE FORM) CR 23 LE Outsider (Evil, Lawful, Baatezu) Init +3; Senses See in darkness, Spot +47, Listen +47, blindsense 60ft Languages Common, Infernal, Celestial, Draconic, Telepathy ________________________________________ ____________________ AC 49, touch 9, flat-footed 42 hp 426 (37 HD); DR 20/good and silver Immune Fire, Poison Resist Cold 10, Acid 10; SR 29 Fort +31, Ref +31, Will +31 ________________________________________ _____________________ Speed 40ft, fly 200ft (clumsy), swim 60ft Melee Bite +47 (4d8+10+poison epic, evil, lawful) and tail +45 (4d6+5 epic, evil, lawful) Space 30ft:30ft; Reach 20ft. Base Atk +37; Grp +55 Atk Options Breath weapons, imp grab, constrict 6d6, power attack, great cleave, awesome blow Spell-like Abilities (CL37, DC 17+spell level) 3/day Darkness, Poison, Unholy aura 1/day Desecrate, Unholy blight, Contagion, Blasphemy, Unhallow, Horrid wilting, Summon monster IX (Fiends only), Destruction ________________________________________ ________________________ Abilities Str 30, Dex 24, Con 24, Int 24, Wis 25, Cha 24 Feats cleave, dodge, mobility, hover, fly-by attack, multiweapon fighting, wingover, iron will, great fortitude, lightning reflexes Skills search +47, sense motive +47 ________________________________________ ________________________ Breath Weapons (Su) 70ft cone or 140ft line of acid, fire, electricity, or cold 20d10 DC Ref 35 Poison (Ex) 3d6 Dex/3d6 Dex DC Fort 35
Jaerom Darkwind 03-07-07, 06:23 PM	Oh, did we forget to mention Asmodeus is constantly protected by an army of advanced pitfiends with maximum HP? Just checking.You can make up whatever rules you want to cover the obvious problems and blatantly thoughtless design decisions that have plagued Hell's hierarchy in 3E. I'm glad that you acknowledge that as written the situation does not work, and that it needs to be corrected with new rules. A much more effective way of handling it than your proposed solution*, however, is to simply give the archfiends a power level consistent with the advancement capacity of their servants (IE, make them more powerful that fully-advanced pit fiends, and even than fully-advanced paragon pit fiends). This is how Dicefreaks solves it. *This might work in orderly Hell, but doesn't in any way account for Demogorgon, Grazz't and Orcus not having died at the hands of a single moderately-advanced Balor aeons ago. The Abyss cannot by definition have any sort of hierarchy capable of protecting them.
Mystal the Illusionist 03-07-07, 07:32 PM	Thanks Living Shadow! I tried my best on the fly with the old conversion booklet for 3.0 But I see that i was off on quite a few things. Thanks for the correction! Definatly will help me for future ideas. What was that adventure again that had him in it, I'd like to keep an eye out for it. Mystal
The_Cheeseman 03-07-07, 08:57 PM	If you're going to advance the pit fiend or balor, why would you not also advance the Lord as well? I mean, I could stat up a 70-HD paragon pseudonatural dire weasel of legend that could own all of the dukes of Hell, but how would that prove anything useful? (Besides how funny it would be to walk up to Asmodeus and say, "Hey, you got weasels on your face.")
BlueFlames 03-07-07, 09:55 PM	Besides how funny it would be to walk up to Asmodeus and say, "Hey, you got weasels on your face." Now, if only we could convince Asmodeus to visit Albequerque to complete the reference....
ArchMageQuandolf 03-08-07, 12:36 AM	In 1e my father and his twentieth+ level group went through all of Baator on a quest to kill Asmodeus, in the first addition I believe my father stated that all the armies of hell were at his will, if he wished it. That being said 2-20 pit fiends can be summoned at will you wont likely ever see asmodeus face to face. Besides the dominate mind, mass feature I'd add to asmodeus just so even in the chaos that is baator, every devil, demon and slave is at his whim. Making him have divine rank is very unnecessary because of this concept. You'd never get the chance to get close to him. Even if you did, its not likely that anything you throw at him will hurt him, he can do the gaseous form and dissappear if you get him low enough on hitpoints anyway. Well atleast in 1e. I tend to think that 1e had alot of things right all those years ago. All the newer editions tend to get number crazy to make everything technical. Oh well. My two bits and a biscotti.:)
Jaerom Darkwind 03-08-07, 12:54 AM	The same could be said of every deity on the books, and yet in addition to the armies and masses of followers, they also have enough personal power to defend themselves if necessary. Asmodeus and other god-like Powers should have the same.
Shemeska the Marauder 03-08-07, 01:29 AM	I tend to think that 1e had alot of things right all those years ago. All the newer editions tend to get number crazy to make everything technical. Oh well. My two bits and a biscotti.:) I dunno about that. His discription in the 1e MM (and all the other archdevils) is really brief. Most of its time listing his abilities and the value and type of treasure he carries, and for physical description he has two sentences. The only true flavor text he has are a a handful of somewhat clipped sentences. In most cases the 2e and 3e descriptions of the archfiends are a lot more detailed and descriptive (though to be fair how people remember them is entirely subjective, and the early books are certainly highly nostalgic to people who played with them). It's up for debate if the rulesets for various editions stress the numbers more or less by comparison, and I haven't played 1e or 2e to be able to do a comparison with my own experiences in 3.x (and I play so fast and loose with the rules anyway, my experience may not be representative anyway).
sciborg2 03-08-07, 03:15 AM	That being said 2-20 pit fiends can be summoned at will you wont likely ever see asmodeus face to face. Besides the dominate mind, mass feature I'd add to asmodeus just so even in the chaos that is baator, every devil, demon and slave is at his whim. Baator's the plane of LE, and there aren't any native devils there. Unless you're defaulting it to a general Hell with Asmo as ruler.
Witch 03-08-07, 03:19 AM	Heh, I actually failed to see that. Baator and Chaos are about as related as Water and Fire.
AngelofCthulhu 03-08-07, 01:55 PM	Baator's the plane of LE, and there aren't any native demons there. Unless you're defaulting it to a general Hell with Asmo as ruler. Fixed.
LivingShadow 03-08-07, 02:53 PM	Thanks Living Shadow! I tried my best on the fly with the old conversion booklet for 3.0 But I see that i was off on quite a few things. Thanks for the correction! Definatly will help me for future ideas. What was that adventure again that had him in it, I'd like to keep an eye out for it. Mystal Thanks. I stated it out myself and the adventure was of my own devising. Essentially they have to storm Asmodeus's stronghold. Strangely enough they killed him after the first round. He started by blasting them with his breath weapon then took to the air. The Psywar used his artifact to try to disintigrate him, saved. Psywar forced him to reroll three more times on the last one he got a natural 1, no more Asmodeus.
Selah 03-09-07, 03:19 AM	Besides the dominate mind, mass feature I'd add to asmodeus just so even in the chaos that is baator, every devil, demon and slave is at his whim. I was going to comment on how many devils and demons would be immune to compulsions, but I realised, reading through to the end of your post, that you were referencing 1ed material. Since I don't know what the pit fiend had for stats then, for example, I can't tell whether this strategy would work. In 3ed, though, it wouldn't.
Bob the Efreet 03-09-07, 05:15 PM	I was going to comment on how many devils and demons would be immune to compulsions, but I realised, reading through to the end of your post, that you were referencing 1ed material. Since I don't know what the pit fiend had for stats then, for example, I can't tell whether this strategy would work. In 3ed, though, it wouldn't. I was more concerned about the idea of "the chaos of Baator", personally.
Selah 03-09-07, 05:18 PM	I was more concerned about the idea of "the chaos of Baator", personally. :D Yeah, but given that people have already brought that issue up, I was looking at things from a different angle.
Treymordin 03-13-07, 07:13 PM	In literature you can read about Asmodeus in the Bible. He is mentioned in the Book of Tobit.
ArcTan 03-13-07, 07:33 PM	In literature you can read about Asmodeus in the Bible. He is mentioned in the Book of Tobit. Note that Tobit is in the Apocrypha, which most Protestant Christian Bibles don't contain by default.
Shemeska the Marauder 03-13-07, 07:34 PM	In literature you can read about Asmodeus in the Bible. He is mentioned in the Book of Tobit. Which asmodeus is which though? The Book of Tobit talks about Ashmodai/Sydonai, while there's also Ęshma-deva from Zoarastrianism, Ashmedai in the Talmud, and Asmodeus from various bits of medieval demonology. There's clearly some commonalities among them in the sources, but some interesting differences. Really depends on your perspective I suppose if you want to count them as talking about a common being (woo religious syncretism!). Though I'm not as well read w/ regards to Tobit (Protestant bibles not containing the Apocrypha and all makes it difficult to read it).
Kain Darkwind 03-13-07, 07:36 PM	Note that Tobit is in the Apocrypha, which most Protestant Christian Bibles don't contain by default. Nor the Tanakh.
Treymordin 03-14-07, 12:37 PM	Many modern Bibles contain the Book of Tobit. The Catholics refer to these books ast he dueterocanoncials while Protestants refer to them as the Apocraphya,
Kain Darkwind 03-14-07, 01:29 PM	Many modern Bibles contain the Book of Tobit. The Catholics refer to these books ast he dueterocanoncials while Protestants refer to them as the Apocraphya, The Tanakh doesn't have it, none of my Christian (some Catholic) friends Bible's don't have it...heck, even Biblegateway.com doesn't have it. Are the Apocrapha books in any other Bibles aside from those of the Catholics? JWs? LDS?
Witch 03-14-07, 01:33 PM	The Tanakh doesn't have it, none of my Christian (some Catholic) friends Bible's don't have it...heck, even Biblegateway.com doesn't have it. Are the Apocrapha books in any other Bibles aside from those of the Catholics? JWs? LDS? LDS doesn't seem to have it. I'm not sure of Jehovah's Witnesses.
Kain Darkwind 03-14-07, 01:44 PM	LDS doesn't seem to have it. I'm not sure of YHWH's Witnesses. Well, I'm not disputing its existence, merely its accessibility within a Bible, Christian or otherwise.
Witch 03-14-07, 01:48 PM	Wikipedia says the following: The Book of Tobit (or Book of Tobias in older Catholic Bibles) is a book of scripture that is part of the Catholic and Orthodox biblical canon, pronounced canonical by the Council of Carthage of 397 and confirmed for Roman Catholics by the Council of Trent (1546). Tobit is regarded by Protestants as apocryphal. It has never been considered an integral part of the Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible by mainstream Jews, but Aramaic and Hebrew fragments of the book were discovered in Cave IV at Qumran in 1955. These fragments are generally in agreement with the Greek text, which exists in three different editions.
Shemeska the Marauder 03-14-07, 02:42 PM	Eastern Orthodoxy has it as part of the Apocrypha as well. It's excluded only in Protestant bibles and in Judaism.
Treymordin 03-14-07, 02:59 PM	Yes, but I think if you were to do a google search you could find it. Also look at www.usccb.org under Church Documents you will find the Bible and the Book of Tobit is there!:D