Say you as DM really want to know what effect the PCs have in going cave to cave in a dungeon on the overall network. The effect of the information of carnage is cumulative with every act. Eventually someone will realize all hell has broken loose and sound the Alarm.
I think as opposed to complex formulae or anything like that I'd just decide what will make the encounter interesting and make some notes. In any case other factors besides noise etc are likely to govern exactly how and when the monsters can respond. Its unlikely every monster is on its toes and ready to rush to the aid of its fellows for instance. Not all of them may care either, or may have motives for not responding. They may respond in other ways too, like withdrawing, setting up traps or obstacles, etc. Often the easiest way to deal with it is to just set up each encounter area as a slice of time appropriate to the point when the party is likely to arrive there.
Indeed, but it should be sufficient to build a chart for gaming purposes of INT v. Distance to determine the response to information in any Dungeon. Rather than assume that CAVE DOG(INT 2, HD2) has an Information Recognition distance to your blundering through the Caverns slaughtering the Kobolds who feed him of X...you cna have an alternative.